Iowa City Press-Citizen from Iowa City, Iowa • Page 6

Spooked Time Will Change Supreme Court, Too 5 J7M ly championing the cause of civil rights and rebuking those who would invade the sanctity of the individual, Black has recently denounced the court for Washington Callinq IOWA CITY PRESS-CITIZEN Editorial Page Saturday, March IS, 1949 'Tornado Alertness In two or three minutes last May 15, 13 persons were killed and between 400 and 500 were injured when a tornado hit Charles City. The destruction included 252 dwellings, 100 businesses, three schools and five churches. The tornado struck about an hour and one-half after the 1,000 youngsters in the three schools destroyed were dismissed. There still were" 40 to 50 students and teachers at the schools. All were warned about 15 minutes before the tornado struck and all in the schools went to shelter areas.

Despite the destruction of the schools, says Harry Eastman, Charles City superintendent of schools, "I don't honestly think we would have lost a youngster" had the 1.000 children still been in school. "We had a plan and would have moved the children to predetermined shelter areas." To promote the development of such plans is the purpose of two special efforts now under way in Iowa. One, proposed by the State Department of Public Instruction, is for schools alone; the other, covering a wider area more generally, is a program of the Weather Bureau. Property damage cannot be avoided, it's pointed out. But, says George P.

Cress-man, director of the Weather Bureau, "many of the deaths could be prevented if everyone were adequately prepared. "The greatest single hope for saving lives when a tornado strikes, is preparedness by national, state and local governments, by private organizations, schools and hospitals, and most important of all, by each member of the general public." The rules for tornado safety, advanced by the Weather Bureau, include: was elevated by President Eisenhower from the Court of Appeals to the supreme bench. In recent years Harlan has had serious eye trouble. Merely looking at the actuarial tables, the likelihood is that President Nixon will name three justices in addition to the chief justice. Far more than any other appointments he will make, this promises to deter-' mine the shape of things to come for a long time into the future.

Eisenhower's selection of Warren to be chief was very possibly the single most important act of his eight years. By unifying the court in the school desegregation case, Brown vs. the Board of Education, the chief justice established a landmark setting the direction followed since. The reach of the court being so long and with the possibility that with eight years in the White House Nixon might well name four or five justices in addition to the chief, speculation has begun about the make-up of a Nixon court. The name of Herbert Brownell, Attorney General under Eisenhower, has been raised as a successor to Warren.

While within the judicial fraternity any speculation is most carefully guarded, the conjecture is that Brownell will not get the nod. He will be 65 on Feb. 20. The President, so the speculation is, would prefer a younger man who would shape the direction of the court over decades and not merely years. Brownell has had no judicial experience, nor had Warren prior to 'his appointment.

If there is one figure who is serenely aloof and serene is the word it is Earl Warren. In Sacramento on Jan. 3 he observed the 50th anniversary of his entry into public service while he was still in the uniform of World War I. In June he means to find another way to use his great talents as moderator and By MARQUIS CHILDS WASHINGTON The winds of change blowing across this capital threaten in the not-too-distant future one of the most changeless institutions. The Supreme Court of the United States, having long ignored the hot breath of angry critics, faces the prospect in the next four years of an upheaval promising a court entirely made over by the new President.

The inevitability of the years, W. B. Yeats' great black oxen treading down the corridors of time, will not be ignored. Chief Justice Earl Warren, who is 77, leaves the court in June, having acceded to the request of President Richard M. Nixon to postpone his retirement originally set for last September.

Warren, having cordially agreed to swear in the new President, received a call from Nixon the following day asking him if he would delay his departure, since to leave the court in the middle of the term might be disruptive. This amicable arrangement put a period to a long season of ill will between the two Californians. The veteran of the court, Justice Hugo L. Black, will be 83 on Feb. 27.

Next October he will have served for 32 years. Since the court's birth in 1790 only four justices have served longer. John Marshall, Stephen J. Field and John M. Harlan all were on the court for a record 34 years.

Joseph Story was on the supreme bench for 33 years. The brethren on the court believe that Justice Black means to set a record. Serving for 35 years he is presently in excellent health he would not retire until October of 1972. This is the kind of benchmark that in the history books puts stars after a man's name. Black has himself executed a shift so radical as to be virtually a 180-degree turn.

From having been perhaps the most liberal of the justices, repeated usurping the authority of Congress, the lower courts and the states. He has thereby won the applause of conservative critics who have been saying those same things about the supreme tribunal. The other day he took 20 minutes to castigate the justices from the bench. It took no mind reader to see from the expressions on the faces of his fellow judges how astonished they were as Black delivered his stern critique. In the case of a defendant whose conviction of a Federal gambling law had been upheld by an Appeals Court voting six to two, Black declared: "It seems to me that this court would best serve itself and the administration of justice by accepting the judgment of the two courts below.

After all, they, too, are lawyers and judges and much closer to the practical, everyday affairs of life than we are." The justice with the next longest term of service is William O. Douglas, who is also one of the most controversial judges. In April he will have served 30 years, having been appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt when he was a member of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Douglas some time ago underwent an operation for the insertion of a pacer to control an irregular heart beat.

He is 70 years old. In point of age Justice John Marshall Harlan, grandson of the record-holding Harlan, is next. At 69, he will have served 15 years next month. He Pueblo Case Shows Navy Had No Plan for Defense tion at sea. The unexpected is "routine" in military attacks.

The Japanese won at Singapore rather handily; the guns Vexing Problem for Nixon In Trade Protectionism fore a declaration of war was received. Late in 1952 there had been a flood of intelligence reports on major Communist Chinese troop movements and Manchur-ian border crossings. Yet U.S. generals were caught unprepared in Korea when the Communist Chinese moved in. They could not believe Peking would dare enter the war.

It is now calculated that military preparations for the Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia required at least six months. Our highly efficent spy satellites made it, possible to detect certain aspects of those preparations in their early stages. Nevertheless, the attack came as a surprise. The surprise resulted from a Western assumption; the Russians would make no such move. Data pointing to an invasion were ignored or explained away.

The above leads one to wonder. What possibly disastrous assumptions are being made today as to what an enemy might or might not do in the future? By RAY CROMLEY WASHINGTON A disturbing aspect of the Pueblo case is one statement, several times repeated: All concerned had assumed the Pueblo would not be attacked because no U. S. Navy ship had been taken in peacetime on the high seas in 150 years. This was the justification given.

It "explained" the Pueblo's insufficient armament, the lack of air and naval support, the inadequate security provided for top secret documents and equipment. There are two reasons why this way of thinking is disquieting: We are still at war with North Koreal No treaty ending the Korean war has ever been signed. We have an armistice; that is all. Therefore, peacetime assumptions do not hold. This does not make the actions of the Communist North Korean government any the less reprehensible.

But thQ repeated violations of the armistice on land should most certainly have led Navy men to a degree of cau Capitol Scene defending that strategic city were pointed seaward. No one had ever attacked by land down the Malay peninsula. It was assumed no one ever would. Last year, many South Vietnamese officers believed the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese invaders would keep their pledge not to violate a Tet truce. This made possible Hanoi's greater-than-expected destruction at Tet in 1968.

It was because of the resilience of South Vietnamese and American troops that the Communist Tet attack failed (like the Battle of the Bulge in World War II) except in its strong propaganda effect in the United States. Pearl Harbor was a disaster because no one expected Tojo's men to attack that base, especially on a Sunday morning be Seek inside shelter, preferably in a tornado cellar, underground excavation or a steel-framed or reinforced concrete building of substantial construction. Stay away from windows. t- In office buildings stand in an interior hallway on a lower floor, preferably in fhe basement. In factories on receiving a tornado warning, post a lookout.

Workers should move quickly to the section of the plant offering the greatest protection in accordance with advance plans. 4- In homes the basement usually offers the greatest safety. Seek shelter under' a sturdy workbench or heavy table if possible. In a home with no basement, take cover under heavy furniture in the center part of the house. Keep some windows open, but stay away from them.

-j- Mobile homes are particularly vulnerable to overturning during strong winds. Trailer parks should have a community shelter. Appoint a community leader responsible for constant radio monitoring during threatening weather or during watch periods. In schools Whenever possible, go to an interior hallway on the lowest floor. Avoid auditoriums and gymnasiums or other structures with wide, free-span roofs.

If a building is not of reinforced construction, go quickly to a nearby reinforced building, or to a ravine or open ditch and lie flat. In open country Move away from the tornado's path at a right angle. If there is no time to escape, lie flat in the nearest depression, such as a ditch or ravine. The Weather Bureau urges listening to radio or television stations for the most recent information about any tornadoes threatening. The key to safety in schools as elsewhere remains the straightfonvard.

pungent advice of Charles City Supt. Eastman: "If you do not have a plan, get one. If you have a plan, keep it alive." By BRUCE BIOSSAT WASHINGTON As Presid-dent Nixon scans the whole foreign policy field, he can find no more vexing second level problem than what to do about reviving trade protectionism in this country. Some 115 proposals to fix import quotas on steel, textiles, oil, meat, dairy products and many others await review by the 91st Congress. Somehow this avalanche was halted in 1968, but pressures for action year are stronger than ever.

The somewhat more conservative complexion of the new Congress suggest that resistance to this flow may be weaker. If one or two key quota measures get through, the barriers may burst and the nation could witness the heaviest onslaught of protectionism seen since the early 1930s. That earlier flood produced counterwaves from other countries, which helped plunge the world into deep depression. Even if the new president decided finally to range himself against the protectionism surge, it is not entirely certain that he can stop it. With last year's slightly less 'conservative Congress in action, the word then was that major quota bills which could get to the floor in both houses probably would win in a sweep big enough to make possible an override of a presidential veto.

The issue has become a tantalizing one. The dangers of a new round of quota restrictions are gravely evident. But imports have risen to the level where they are today contributing substantially to our heralded balance of payments deficit in world trade. A textile quota bill made the most headway in the previous Congress, but now steel has become the focus of attention. Not since 1959 have steel exports topped imports.

That year a long steel strike shifted the balance, and the disproportion has been growing steadily. Final 1968 figures are not available, but imports probably will reach a record high beyond 15 million tons. One forecast goes as high as 18 million tons. Obviously steel is in trouble. Users, fearing domestic strikes, buy abroad.

They are not unmindful, either, that the foreign price may undercut domestic prices by up to $40 a ton. The industry responds by demanding quotas on foreign products. Some effort is being made, via the State Department, to get European and Japanese producers to accept voluntary quotas. But U. S.

steel men Conservatives Fear Nixon Secret Liberal All Along er-in-law of columnist William F. Buckley wrote: "Historians will differ as to the moment when the movement vou lead ceased to be an cause Nixon has not carried out his campaign promise to "clean house" at the State Department. "Like the new young bride confronted with a house full of old furniture accumulated from her husband's previous marriages, President Nixon has shown no will or desire to do much more than things," ACU said. are not too hopeful. A summary account furnished to this reporter on the attitudes of our more active foreign trading partners makes it clear they view with great alarm the prospect of broadly revived, trade barriers.

These nations are our best export customers. But we are also a key outlet for them. On balance, we still sell a good deal more to foreign lands than they do to 'us. Over a 10-year span, our trading surplus with European nations came to roughly $20 billion. In 1966, it was $2.4 billion for the same area, though by 1968 our rising price scale had slashed the total rather sharply.

Beyond question, this matter of trade is one of the unhappiest the President faces. There is no neat way to handle it. Nixon cannot unreasonably ignore the difficulties of domestic industries whose economic soundness is legitimately threatened. But neither can he stand idly by and let a Congress pressed on by a host of special interests open the floodgates to a new protectionist wave which would imperil the economies of all the big trading nations which are our friends and allies. Today -In History By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Today is Saturday, March 15, the 74th day of 1969.

There are 291 days left in the year. Today's highlight in history: On this date in 44 B.C., Julius Caesar was assassinated. On this date: In 1603, the French navigator and explorer, Samuel de Cham-plain, sailed for the New World. In 1767, the seventh American president, Andrew Jackson was born at Waxhaw, S.C. In 1916, Gen.

John J. Pershing was given command of 12,000 soldiers and ordered to move into Mexico to capture the revolutionary Mexican leader Pan-cho Villa. In 1919, 1,000 veterans of the American Expenditionary Force in World War I met in Paris to form the American Legion. In 1961, the Union of South Africa announced it was withdrawing from the British Commonwealth. One year ago -The London gold market was closed in the wake of panic gold buying.

BERRY'S WORLD HN I 1ECS 0 By PAUL HOPE WASHINGTON What do you say to a Republican who complains lie hasn't been treated right by the Nixon administration? One rejoinder making the rounds here is: "If you're unhappy, just think of the South Carolina tobacco farmer who voted for Nixon thinking he would go easy on school integration." That one popped up when Health, Education and Welfare Secretary Robert H. Finch said he favored a proposal by the Federal Communications Commission to ban cigarette advertising on television. And it was right after Finch had made public statements that clearly indicated there would be no letup in enforcement of school desegregation guidelines. It also was about the time Nixon stirred things up among Republicans on Capitol Hill by announcing that politics and postmasterships no longer would mix. It is not unusual that feelings cet ruffled when a new President takes office.

You can't make everybody happy. This time the unhappiest group seems to be the conservatives. The groan from that side of the political spectrum has become a veritable wail. Just the other day, L. Brent Bozell, who ghosted Barry Gold-water's Conscience of a wrote in his new magazine "Triumph" that if there had been any doubt about the passing of the conservative movement in the United States, it is all over now.

In a "letter" to his conservative readers, Bozell, the broth Washington Close-Up important political force in America. My own view is that the hour struck in 1964, with Goldwater's defeat. But there will be no one to doubt that it was all over by November 1968, with Nixon's victory. "This is because (1) Nixon in 1968 was your man, and (2) Nixon in 196S repudiated you." Bozell contends that in 1968 Nixon rejected everything that gave the conservative movement an identity. "And since he did this with your full knowledge and thus with your implied assent, he was free to ignore you upon assuming the presidency.

resurrection, in a word, was your funeral, and all that has been missing is a suitable oration." The American Conservative Union, under the chairmanship of Rep. John M. Ashbrook, R-Ohio, also is in a funk, made all the more blue because only a month ago its newsletter had lugh hopes for Nixon. Said ACU's January epistle: "As Nixon takes office, he can take comfort in the fact that 67 per cent of Americans share his views by identifying themselves as conservatives or middle of the roaders." But in its latest issue, ACU laments that Nixon "blew it." ACU is particularly upset be It doesn't like Nixon's appointment of Henry A. Kissinger, former foreign policy adviser to Republican liberal Gov.

Nelson A. Rockefeller, as top White House aide on foreign policy. ACU is unhappy about several other appointments, too, including James E. Allen, another New York liberal, as commissioner of education, Elliot Richardson as undersecretary of state, Charles W. Yost as United Nations ambassador, and four former "big wigs" of the liberal Republican Ripon Society to jobs on the White House staff.

If that isn't enough for the conservatives, hear this: "Nowhere has there been even a hint that the President will reinstate Otto Otepka, the former State Department security chief who was removed by ex-Secretary Rusk for being too security minded." Now, the name Otto Otepka may not be a household word generally in America, but it is to the conservatives. Quoting extensively from liberal columnists who have discovered a "new" Nixon, you could almost hear the moan of anguish when the ACU passed along this one: "There are even hints that Mr. Nixon all along has been a secret liberal." Twenty Years Ago Today March 15. 1949 At its annual founders' dav banquet. Delta Tau Delta presents a gift to E.

B. Ravmond. who is retiring after 15 years as chapter adviser. He will be succeeded by Wilbur Cannon. Rehearsals are in prioress at Junior Hiuh School for this semester's' plav, "We Shook the Family Tree." The cast includes Joneal Boyle.

Philip Stark, Shirley Scott, Karen Camp. John Larew, Melvin Vevera, Joanne Hall. Corinne Eraverman, Mary Lou Spicer, John Oakes. Billv Phelps and Danise Allen. Senior women at the University of Iowa will be honored at a coffee hour and reception to be held next week by the Iowa City Chapter of the American Association of University Women.

Members of Nathaniel Fellows Chapter, DAR hear talks by Miss Rose Igarzabel of Uruguay and Miss Bertha Guthierrez of Mexico on "Native Education for Women." Both are members of the UI Romance Languages Department. "For Monday through Friday give me a medium, and for Saturday and Sunday I'd like an extra-long!".